Blood test for Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Do I have herpes? This is a question that many people ask themselves, especially when they have recurring blisters, burning or anxiety after unprotected contact. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a very common virus that often remains undetected. With this blood test, you can find out. The test analyzes the presence of IgG antibodies to both HSV-1 and HSV-2, which shows whether you have had a previous infection. The sample is taken with a venous blood sample at any clinic and then analyzed by an accredited laboratory. Answers with a doctor's comment are delivered digitally within 2–5 days.
Herpes is one of the most common viral infections
Many people carry the virus without knowing it. A blood test that measures IgG antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) can give you clear answers about whether you have had a previous infection. By getting a confirmed diagnosis, you can more easily get the right treatment in the event of future symptoms, including through digital care, because healthcare professionals will then know that the symptoms are related to herpes. Knowing your herpes status can also be crucial before pregnancy, in the event of recurring symptoms or if you are concerned about infection after unprotected contact.
In the case of a primary infection with genital herpes, it can take up to 6 months before IgG antibodies are formed, in which case you are recommended to order a referral only after six months after suspected infection. If a recent infection is suspected, the test may need to be repeated after a few months.
What is herpes simplex virus?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common DNA virus that infects both skin and mucous membranes and is divided into two main types:
- HSV-1: Associated with cold sores (herpes labialis), but can also cause genital herpes.
- HSV-2: More common cause of genital herpes (herpes genitalis), but can also cause oral symptoms.
The infection is transmitted through direct contact with infected mucous membranes, saliva or body fluids. Herpes is most easily transmitted during active outbreaks, but can also be spread without symptoms. Therefore, it is a common but often undetected infection.
How does the test work?
The herpes test is a serological analysis that measures your concentrations of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2. These antibodies develop after a few months after a primary infection and persist for life, making the test useful for confirming a previous herpes infection.
Interpretation of test results
- HSV-1 positive: Detected IgG antibodies indicate a previous infection, usually in the form of cold sores (herpes labialis). However, HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes.
- HSV-2 positive: IgG antibodies to HSV-2 indicate a previous infection, usually genital herpes (herpes genitalis).
- Negative result: No antibodies to HSV-1 or HSV-2 are detected. This means that you probably have not had an HSV infection.
Note: If the test is taken shortly after a suspected infection, the result may be negative despite an ongoing infection. In case of uncertainty, a follow-up test after 3–6 months is recommended.
Common symptoms of herpes infection
Herpes simplex virus can cause symptoms during primary infection and recurrent outbreaks. Common symptoms include:
- Blisters and sores in the mouth or genitals
- Burning and itching in the infected area
- Fever and malaise in primary infection
- Recurrent outbreaks in periods
Many people are infected without having clear symptoms, which makes a blood test with IgG analysis particularly valuable.
Why test yourself for herpes?
There are several situations in which a herpes test may be valuable:
- For recurrent blisters or burning in the mouth or genitals
- Before pregnancy to check herpes status
- For concerns about infection after unprotected sex
- For unclear symptoms that may indicate herpes simplex infection
Questions and answers herpes simplex virus
- What is the difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2?
HSV-1 most often causes cold sores but can also cause genital herpes. HSV-2 is usually associated with genital herpes but can also cause oral symptoms. - What causes herpes?
Herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 causes the infection and is transmitted through direct contact with infected mucous membranes or body fluids. - What are the symptoms of herpes?
Blisters, sores, itching, burning, fever and in some cases headache and muscle aches. However, many people carry the virus without experiencing symptoms. - What should you do if you have herpes?
Avoid contact with blisters during an outbreak, use protection during sexual contact and, if necessary, consult a doctor for symptom-relieving treatment. - How easily is herpes transmitted?
Herpes is most easily transmitted during active outbreaks, but can also be spread asymptomatically. Use a condom and avoid contact with blisters to reduce the risk. - Can herpes be passed on?
The herpes simplex virus remains in the body for life. Outbreaks often become milder and rarer over time, and there are medications that can relieve symptoms.
