What are aphthous ulcers?
Aphthous ulcers are small, superficial sores in the lining of the mouth that often appear on the inside of the lips, cheeks, or on the tongue. They are very common and completely harmless, but can cause noticeable pain and discomfort in everyday life. Many people experience a stinging sensation when eating, drinking, or talking. The sores usually have a white or yellowish center with a red, irritated border around them. It is important to know that aphthous ulcers are not contagious and are not the same as herpes (cold sores).
Common symptoms of aphthous ulcers
The most prominent symptom is pain or a burning sensation in the mouth. The discomfort often becomes more noticeable when eating, especially if the food is hot, spicy, or acidic. The sores are usually small and round or oval, but can sometimes become larger and more tender. If several sores appear at the same time, it may affect both speech and the ability to eat normally.
Causes of aphthous ulcers – why do you get mouth sores?
There is no single cause of aphthous ulcers; rather, several factors can contribute. It is often a combination of external influences and the body’s own conditions. Common causes and risk factors include:
- Stress and fatigue affecting the immune system
- Minor injuries in the mouth, such as biting your cheek or brushing too hard
- Nutritional deficiencies, especially iron, vitamin B12 and folate
- Hormonal changes
- Acidic, spicy, or irritating foods
- Weakened immune system
How long do aphthous ulcers last?
Aphthous ulcers usually heal on their own within 7 to 14 days. Smaller sores disappear more quickly, while larger ones may take longer. It is common for the condition to recur periodically, especially if triggering factors remain.
Treatment of aphthous ulcers – what helps?
There is no treatment that cures aphthous ulcers directly, but you can relieve the symptoms and support healing. The following measures may help:
- Pain-relieving gel or ointment applied directly to the sore
- Antiseptic mouth rinses that reduce bacteria and irritation
- Avoiding spicy, acidic, or hard foods while the sores heal
- Maintaining good oral hygiene, but brushing gently with a soft toothbrush
Self-care and prevention tips
You can reduce the risk of developing aphthous ulcers by taking care of your oral health and overall well-being. Trying to reduce stress in daily life, eating a varied diet rich in vitamins and minerals, and drinking enough water can make a big difference. It is also important to avoid irritating the lining of the mouth.
When should you seek medical care?
Aphthous ulcers are harmless, but sometimes it may be a good idea to contact healthcare services. You should seek help if the sores are unusually large or very painful, if they do not heal within two weeks, or if you experience frequent outbreaks without a clear cause. Also contact healthcare services if you develop a fever or feel generally unwell in connection with the sores.