When a person with a dog allergy comes into contact with these allergens, the immune system can react by producing antibodies and releasing histamine, which leads to the unpleasant symptoms. These symptoms may be seasonal if the person is exposed to dog allergens during certain periods, or they may be more constant if the individual has close contact with dogs on a regular basis.
Causes of dog allergy
Canine allergy has its roots in an overreaction by the immune system, where it mistakenly identifies common substances as invaders. This leads to the production of antibodies designed to fight these substances, even though they are actually harmless. In the case of a dog allergy, it is usually small proteins from the dog's skin cells, saliva or urine that cause allergic reactions and get stuck in the dog's fur, instead of the dog hair itself. Most people with dog allergies experience their allergic reactions when they are indoors around dogs. But even outdoor contact with dogs can trigger allergic problems. It is possible to react to direct contact with dogs or to allergens that are spread in the air and that can stick to the dog owner's clothes.
The reasons why some people develop dog allergies are not yet fully understood, but there are indications that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. This means that a person's genetic predisposition, together with exposure to allergens, can increase the risk of developing a dog allergy. It is a complex interplay between genes and environment that contributes to the onset of the allergy.
The symptoms of dog allergy can vary from person to person and may include:
- Runny nose: One of the most common symptoms of dog allergies is a runny nose, which can be persistent or occur sporadically.
- Sneezing: People with dog allergies may often experience frequent sneezing when they are around dogs or are exposed to dog allergens.
- Itchy, watery eyes: The eyes may become red, itchy and watery as a reaction to dog allergens.
- Difficulty breathing: Some people may experience difficulty breathing such as wheezing or chest tightness when exposed to dogs or dog allergens.
- Skin reactions: Skin reactions, such as rashes or eczema, may occur if the skin comes into direct contact with dogs or dog hair containing allergens.
It is important to note that dog allergy symptoms can vary in severity, and some people may experience mild symptoms while others may have more severe reactions. If you suspect you have a dog allergy and are experiencing symptoms, it is wise to consult a doctor or allergist for an accurate diagnosis and to discuss appropriate treatment options to manage your allergic reactions.
