What are streptococci?
Streptococci are a type of bacteria that are divided into different groups. Group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) are the most common cause of tonsillitis, impetigo, scarlet fever and invasive infections, which are rarer and more serious.
The bacteria are naturally found in our environment and can sometimes be carried in the throat without causing symptoms, especially in children.
Symptoms of streptococcal infection
Streptococci can cause different symptoms, which depend on where in the body they cause infection. The most common is throat flu, but there are also other forms.
Common symptoms of A strep throat:- Sore throat, it is also common for it to come on suddenly
- Swollen and red tonsils, sometimes these also have white coatings
- Fever (you don't always get a fever)
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Bad breath
- Pain when swallowing
- Headache and fatigue
- Absence of cough (this often indicates bacteria rather than viruses)
It may be good to know that you can have strep throat without having a fever – especially if you are an adult or in milder cases infection.
Streptococci – rash in children
With some streptococcal infections, especially scarlet fever, children can have clear skin symptoms. Typical rashes with scarlet fever are:
- Small red dots, these feel like sandpaper to the touch
- They often start on the chest and spread over the body
- Red, swollen tongue, also known as wild strawberry tongue
- Red cheeks with paleness around the mouth
- The symptoms are often combined with a sore throat and fever
Children can also get impetigo, which is caused by streptococci. Symptoms that occur are:
- Fluid-filled blisters that burst and become yellow scabs
- Most commonly around the nose and mouth
How streptococci are transmitted
Streptococci are spread primarily via droplet infection (when someone coughs, sneezes or talks), direct contact (e.g. in the case of skin infections) and indirect contact (via objects such as toys, towels or doorknobs) and are very contagious.
The contagiousness is greatest during the first few days, but people with streptococci can also carry the bacteria without showing symptoms and still infect others – especially children in preschool environments.
Streptococci without fever – what about it?
It is possible to have streptococci in the throat without also having a fever. This is especially common in adults, with milder infections and at the beginning or end of the course of the disease.
When should you get tested?
You should consider taking a strep test if you or your child has:
- Sudden sore throat without cough
- Fever or fatigue
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Rash similar to scarlet fever
- Recurrent throat infections
Rapid tests are available at health centers - but also as home tests sold through pharmacies that provide immediate results.
Treatment
Strep infections are usually treated with penicillin, which usually gives quick results. In case of allergy, there are other antibiotic alternatives. Self-esteem and rest are important, but it is also crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics.