Back

The back is one of the body's most central structures, both in terms of stability and movement. The back consists primarily of the spinal column (vertebral column), which is made up of several vertebrae divided into the cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum and coccyx. The vertebrae protect the spinal cord – part of the central nervous system – and act as pillars for posture. Between all vertebrae there are discs, which act as shock absorbers and enable flexibility.

Muscles, tendons and ligaments also have a place in the back. Deep back muscles stabilize the spine, while the extrinsic muscles contribute to movement throughout the upper body. Nerves also pass through the spine, whose nerve roots transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body. In summary, the back plays a crucial role in posture, movement, strength and nerve function.