What is myalgia (muscle pain)?
Myalgia is the medical term for muscle pain and refers to tenderness, stiffness, or pain in one or more muscles. It is a very common symptom that can occur both acutely and chronically, and can range from mild discomfort to more pronounced pain that interferes with everyday activities.
Muscle pain can be localized, for example in a specific muscle after physical exertion, or more generalized and affect several muscle groups at the same time. The condition is often harmless and transient, but in some cases it can be a sign of underlying medical conditions.
What happens in the muscles with myalgia?
Myalgia occurs through different biological mechanisms depending on the underlying cause, but the common thing is that the muscle fibers are affected and signal pain.
Microdamage: During physical exertion, small damages occur in the muscle fibers, which leads to inflammation and the typical muscle pain.
Inflammation: In infections or chronic conditions, inflammatory substances are released that sensitize pain receptors in the muscle.
Oxygen and energy deficiency: In case of impaired circulation or metabolic effects, the muscle can lack energy, which can cause pain and fatigue.
Neuromuscular effects: Disturbances in the nervous system's signaling can lead to increased pain sensitivity and muscle tension.
Common causes of muscle pain
Myalgia is a symptom rather than a diagnosis, which means that it can have many different underlying causes. In most cases, muscle pain is harmless and linked to temporary overload or infection, but in some situations it can be a sign of more long-term or systemic conditions. To understand the cause, it is therefore important to take into account the nature of the pain, its duration and whether it occurs together with other symptoms.
Muscle pain can occur locally after physical exertion, but can also be more diffuse and affect several muscle groups at the same time. It can be acute and transient, or chronic and recurring. Below are some of the most common causes:
Physical strain: Exercise pain or overload is the most common cause and often occurs after excessive or intense activity
Stress and tension: Long-term stress can lead to muscle tension, especially in the neck and shoulders.
Infections: Viral infections, such as the flu or COVID-19, often cause generalized muscle pain.
Deficiency conditions: Low levels of Vitamin D, Ferritin, or Vitamin B12 can contribute to muscle pain and fatigue.
Hormonal factors: Imbalances in hormones such as Testosterone can affect muscle strength and recovery.
Chronic conditions: Fibromyalgia and other pain conditions can cause long-term and widespread muscle pain.
Symptoms – how do I know if it is myalgia?
The symptoms of myalgia vary depending on the underlying cause, but are most often characterized by a diffuse, aching pain in the muscles that can be both local or more widespread. The pain can occur after physical exertion, in connection with infection or without a clear trigger in longer-term conditions.
For many, the symptoms are experienced as most pronounced after rest or in the morning, and may improve slightly with movement. In other cases, the pain may instead worsen with strain or activity.
Common symptoms include:
Aching or aching pain in the muscles
Stiffness, especially after rest or in the morning
Tenderness when pressed or palpated
Reduced strength or endurance
In some cases, fatigue and general malaise
In the case of more widespread or long-term problems, especially if they are combined with pronounced fatigue or impact on everyday functioning, it may be appropriate to investigate underlying causes.
How is myalgia investigated?
The investigation of myalgia is based on a combination of medical history, clinical examination and, if necessary, additional tests.
Clinical assessment: The doctor assesses the nature, location and duration of the pain, as well as any other symptoms.
Blood tests: Can be used to identify underlying causes such as inflammation or deficiency conditions.
CRP and SR can provide information about inflammation in the body.
Ferritin and Vitamin B12 can show if there is a nutritional deficiency.
Testosterone and other hormones may be relevant in long-term problems.
In some cases, further investigation may be needed, especially if chronic or neurological conditions are suspected.
Treatment for myalgia
The treatment for myalgia is tailored to the underlying cause and aims to reduce pain, restore function and prevent recurring problems. In many cases, the condition is transient, but in case of long-term or recurring symptoms, more targeted treatment may be needed.
Rest and recovery: In case of overload or muscle soreness, sufficient rest is often the most important measure for the muscles to recover.
Physical activity: Light movement and a gradual return to exercise can speed up recovery and reduce stiffness, especially in case of tension-related muscle soreness.
Pain relief: Anti-inflammatory drugs can be used if necessary to reduce pain and inflammation in the acute stage.
Physiotherapy: In case of long-term or recurring problems, individualized rehabilitation can help improve mobility, strength and muscle balance.
Treatment of underlying causes: If the muscle pain is linked to a deficiency or hormonal imbalance, targeted treatment can be crucial. Identifying factors such as nutritional deficiencies, inflammation or hormonal influences can provide better conditions for recovery and long-term improvement.