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Thoracic spine

The thoracic spine is the middle part of the spine, between the cervical spine and the lumbar spine, and plays a central role in the body's posture and movement.

Contents

Quick version

What is the thoracic spine?

The thoracic spine consists of twelve vertebrae, designated T1–T12. The vertebrae extend from the base of the neck to the middle of the back. Each vertebra is attached to a pair of ribs, which gives the area its stability but also reduces mobility compared to other parts of the . The thoracic spine protects parts of the spinal cord and has an important supporting function for the upper body.

Anatomy of the thoracic spine

The thoracic spine includes the twelve thoracic vertebrae, the discs between them, and the joints that connect the vertebrae to the ribs. The discs act as shock absorbers, while muscles and ligaments stabilize the area.

Function and movement

The thoracic spine contributes to the body's posture and allows limited rotation and bending. It is stabilized by the ribs, which provide support but limit movement compared to the lower back and neck.

Relationship with other parts of the body

The thoracic spine affects the function of the shoulders, shoulder blades and ribs. Problems in the thoracic spine can cause pain in the chest, shoulders or abdomen and are sometimes confused with heart or lung-related problems.

Common conditions and diseases

Having pain in the thoracic spine can be due to muscle tension, herniated discs, scoliosis or spondylosis. Long-term poor posture, a sedentary lifestyle and stress are common causes of problems in the area.

Examination and diagnosis

In the case of problems in the thoracic spine, a clinical examination is performed, often supplemented with X-rays, MRI of the thoracic spine or computed tomography. The doctor assesses mobility, pain points and any neurological symptoms to establish a diagnosis.

Relevant symptoms

  • Pain between the shoulder blades
  • Stiffness in the upper/middle back
  • Radiating pain to the chest
  • Difficulty breathing when taking a deep breath
  • Muscle tenderness or spasm

Related conditions and diagnoses

  • Herniated disc in the thoracic spine
  • Scoliosis
  • Muscular trigger points
  • Osteoporosis
  • Scheuermann's disease

Questions and answers

The thoracic spine is the middle part of the spine that extends between the neck and the lumbar spine. The thoracic spine consists of twelve vertebrae, T1–T12, and is attached to the ribs.

Thoracic back pain is often caused by muscle tension, poor posture, or disc problems. Prolonged sitting is a common contributing factor.

Problems in the thoracic spine manifest themselves in common symptoms such as stiffness, pain between the shoulder blades, pain radiating to the chest, and sometimes difficulty breathing when taking a deep breath.

A doctor examines mobility, pain and sensation. If necessary, the examination is supplemented with X-rays, MRI or CT scans.

Yes, herniated discs can occur in the thoracic spine, but it is less common than in the lumbar spine. A herniated disc in the thoracic spine can cause pain that radiates around the chest or towards the stomach.

Most of the time, the pain is harmless and is due to tension or overuse. However, persistent or severe pain should be investigated to rule out more serious causes.

Treatment for thoracic back pain may include physical therapy, exercise, painkillers, and in some cases manual therapy or injections, depending on the cause.

Movement, ergonomic adjustments, and strengthening exercises help. Avoid prolonged sitting and try to maintain good posture.

If the pain is persistent, radiates, or affects breathing, sensation, or movement, you should seek medical attention. This may indicate a more serious condition.