What is blepharitis?
Blepharitis means that the edge of the eyelid, where the eyelashes are located, becomes inflamed. The condition is very common and can affect people of all ages. Many experience symptoms that come and go in periods and may be long-lasting. The inflammation often affects the small oil glands in the eyelids. When these do not function properly, it can lead to irritation in the eye and an imbalance in the tear film, which in turn causes both dry and watery eyes.
Common symptoms of blepharitis
Blepharitis often causes clear but varying symptoms. Many people describe their eyes as feeling irritated already in the morning. The eyelids are often red, swollen, and sensitive. It is also common to experience itching or a burning sensation along the eyelid margin. Some people notice a gritty feeling, as if something is in the eye. Crusts or deposits at the base of the eyelashes, especially after sleep, are also typical. At the same time, the eyes may feel dry, even though they sometimes water more than usual. Sensitivity to light may also occur in some cases, making bright environments uncomfortable.
Causes of blepharitis
Blepharitis can occur for several different reasons, and often it is a combination of factors behind the symptoms.
- Bacteria: Naturally occurring bacteria on the skin can in some cases cause inflammation along the eyelid margin.
- Blocked oil glands: Disrupt the eye’s moisture balance and are a common cause of symptoms.
- Skin conditions: Conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea can increase the risk of blepharitis.
- Allergies and irritation: External factors can trigger or worsen symptoms.
- Poor eyelid hygiene: Inadequate cleaning of the eyelids can contribute to the development or worsening of symptoms.
Treatment of blepharitis
Treatment mainly focuses on reducing inflammation and improving the function of the eyelid oil glands. Since blepharitis is often chronic, regular self-care is required to keep symptoms under control. An important part of treatment is daily cleaning of the eyelids with lukewarm water or products specifically designed for eyelid hygiene. Warm compresses can be used to soften secretions and open blocked glands. Afterwards, gentle massage of the eyelids can help stimulate the function of the oil glands. Lubricating eye drops can relieve dryness and irritation. In more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics in the form of ointment or tablets.
What can you do yourself?
Self-care is essential for reducing symptoms and preventing recurrence. It mainly involves establishing good eyelid hygiene routines. It is advisable to avoid rubbing your eyes, as this can worsen irritation. If you use makeup, it is important to remove it thoroughly every day. Using clean towels and avoiding sharing them with others reduces the risk of further irritation. A daily routine of cleaning the eyelids, preferably with warm compresses, can make a significant difference over time.
When should you seek medical care?
You should contact healthcare if your symptoms do not improve despite self-care over a few weeks. It is also important to seek help if you experience eye pain or if your vision is affected, for example if it becomes blurred. Severe redness or swelling may sometimes indicate a more serious infection that requires treatment. If you have recurring problems that affect your daily life, you should also seek medical advice for proper evaluation.