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Summary
The gallbladder helps the body break down fat by storing and releasing bile. Problems in the gallbladder are common and can cause pain, infections, and in some cases require surgery.
- The gallbladder stores bile from the liver
- Releases bile when needed after meals
- Gallstones are the most common cause of problems
- Typical symptoms include pain, nausea, and fever
- Diagnosis is made with ultrasound and blood tests
What is the gallbladder?
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. Its main function is to store bile, which is continuously produced by the liver, and then release it into the small intestine when needed, especially after fatty meals.
Function and anatomy
The gallbladder holds between 30–50 ml of bile. When we eat, the gallbladder contracts and pushes bile into the bile ducts and further into the intestine.
The role of bile in digestion
Bile contains bile salts, which help break down fat from food into small droplets. This allows enzymes from the pancreas to break down the fat more effectively so the body can absorb fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. In addition to fat digestion, bile also helps the body eliminate waste products such as bilirubin and excess cholesterol. In this way, bile has both a digestive and a detoxifying function.
Common conditions and diseases
Pain in the gallbladder is often due to gallstones blocking the or inflammation (cholecystitis). Recurrent gallstone attacks may require surgery.
Examination and diagnosis
Pain and gallbladder problems are often investigated with ultrasound. In more complicated cases, CT scans, ERCP, or MRI of the abdomen may be used. Blood tests show whether the liver is affected or if there is an infection.
Relevant symptoms
- Severe pain in the upper right abdomen
- Pain after fatty meals
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
- Jaundice
Related conditions and diagnoses
- Gallstones (cholelithiasis)
- Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation)
- Gallstone attacks
- Pancreatitis caused by gallstones