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Pelvis

The pelvis is a central structure that supports the spine, protects internal organs and plays an important role in gait, posture and pelvic floor function.

Contents

Quick version

What is the pelvis?

The pelvis is a bony structure at the bottom of the torso that consists of the sacrum, the coccyx, and the two hip bones. It forms a stable bowl-shaped structure that supports the upper body and connects the to the legs.

Anatomy and structure

The pelvis consists of several bones that together form the pelvic girdle: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. In the center of the pelvis is the symphysis, a cartilaginous joint, and the sacroiliac joints that attach the pelvis to the spine. Inside the pelvis are also the pelvic floor muscles that support internal organs.

Functions

The pelvis provides support for the torso, protects the bladder, intestines and internal genitals and enables movement in the hip joints. During pregnancy, the mobility of the pelvis changes, which affects the load. The pelvic floor controls continence and has an important function in sexual health.

Stability and movement

Despite its stability, the pelvis can allow small movements in the joints, especially in women. Movements in the sacroiliac joints and the symphysis can affect balance and gait. Imbalance in the muscles or joint instability can cause pain.

Common conditions and diseases

Pain in the pelvis can be due to pregnancy, joint dislocation, pelvic floor dysfunction, inflammation of the joints (e.g. sacroiliitis) or trauma such as pelvic fracture. Muscle tension and incorrect loading are also common causes.

Examination and diagnosis

Diagnosis of pelvic problems is based on history, palpation, movement tests and functional tests. Imaging diagnostics such as X-rays, MRI of the pelvis or ultrasound can be used to assess joints, bones and soft tissues. Blood tests such as CRP and SR can rule out inflammation or infection.

Relevant symptoms

  • Low back, buttock, or groin pain
  • Instability or clicking sound with movement
  • Tenderness over the symphysis or SI joints
  • Pain when walking or turning in bed
  • Urinary leakage or pelvic floor problems

Related conditions and diagnoses

  • Pelvic pain during pregnancy
  • Symphysiolysis (joint degeneration)
  • Sacroiliitis (inflammation of the SI joints)
  • Pelvic floor dysfunction
  • Pelvic fracture

Questions and answers

The pelvis is a ring-shaped structure of bones that connects the spine to the legs and protects internal organs. It is central to the body's posture and mobility.

Joint loosening (symphysiolysis) is a softening and increased mobility of the pelvic joints, which is common during pregnancy. It can cause pain in the pubic bone, back or hips and affect the ability to walk.

Pelvic pain can be caused by joint degeneration, inflammation, muscle imbalances, or previous trauma. The pain can be felt in the lower back, buttocks, groin, or pubic bone.

Treatment for pelvic pain may include physiotherapy, stabilizing exercises, pain relief and, if necessary, the use of a pelvic belt. In case of inflammation, anti-inflammatory medication may be given.

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles that support the bladder, bowels, and genitals. It is important for continence, posture, and sexual function, and is affected by pregnancy and aging.

Yes, pelvic pain can also affect men, especially in cases of inflammation, muscle imbalance or trauma. Pelvic floor problems also occur in men, for example in cases of prostate problems.

A pelvic fracture is a break in one or more of the bones of the pelvis, often resulting from a fall or traffic accident. It is a serious condition that requires emergency care and rehabilitation.

Inflammation of the SI joints (sacroiliitis) is diagnosed using clinical tests, imaging tests such as MRI, and blood tests that show signs of inflammation (e.g. CRP, SR).