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Wrist

The wrist is a complex joint that connects the forearm to the hand and allows for movement in multiple directions. It is important for fine motor skills and everyday movements.

Contents

Quick version

What is the wrist?

The wrist, or carpus, is the joint between the forearm bones (radius and ulna) and the eight small carpal bones of the hand. It allows for flexion, extension, and lateral bending, making it central to most hand movements.

Anatomy and structure

The wrist joint consists of several small bones (carpal bones), ligaments, tendons, and nerves. Together, these create a stable but mobile structure. The most important bones include the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum.

Function and movements

The wrist joint allows for movements that can bend (flexion), stretch (extension), bend inward and outward (radial and ulnar deviation), and some rotation. These movements are crucial for grip and precision.

Nerves and blood supply

The nerve supply comes mainly from the median, ulnar and radial nerves. The blood supply is through branches from the radial and ulnar arteries.

Common conditions and diseases

Pain in the wrist can be due to overload, inflammation or injury. Common conditions are carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist osteoarthritis, tendonitis and sprains.

Examination and diagnosis

Diagnosis is made through physical examination, history and often imaging diagnostics such as X-rays, ultrasound or MRI of the wrist. If nerve entrapment is suspected, tests such as the phalanx and tinel's tests are used.

Relevant symptoms

  • Pain with movement or at rest
  • Swelling around the wrist
  • Numbness in the hand and fingers
  • Reduced grip strength
  • Clicking noises or instability

Related conditions and diagnoses

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Wrist osteoarthritis
  • Sprain (distortion)
  • Ganglion (tendon knot)
  • De Quervain's tendinopathy (tendon sheath inflammation)

Questions and answers

Wrist pain is often caused by overuse, injuries such as sprains or fractures, and inflammation of tendons or joints. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common cause of numbness and pain in the front of the wrist.

Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome may include a wrist splint, anti-inflammatory medication, cortisone injections, or in more severe cases, surgery. Early diagnosis is important to avoid permanent nerve damage.

Yes, in many cases specific exercises for mobility and strength help. Physiotherapy is often recommended. However, it is important to avoid overuse and to get the right diagnosis first.

Specialists such as orthopedists and hand surgeons assess and treat wrist problems. General practitioners or physiotherapists can also make an initial assessment.

It is a fluid-filled lump that often sits over a joint or tendon, usually in the wrist. A ganglion is benign but can cause pain or discomfort with movement.

A sprained wrist often occurs from a fall or twist. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, and decreased mobility. An X-ray may be needed to rule out a fracture.

The difference is that carpal tunnel syndrome involves a pinched nerve, while tendinitis is an irritation of the tendons. The symptoms are similar in both conditions, but different treatments are required.

It varies depending on the nature of the injury. A minor sprain can heal in a few weeks, while fractures or surgeries may require several months and rehabilitation.